Owner review 19, lane G: Korean words that sound like Latin or Greek roots (2026-10-13)

Status: Draft · Date: 2026-10-13 · Research, no decision. A knock-out screen, not legal advice and not a full clearance. Trademark classes 9, 35, 41, 42.

Owner, review 19 (verbatim). "Any Korean words that may sound like latin prefixes with meaning in any relation to group sports gathering or physical activity?"

Bottom line

• 105 Latin, Greek and Romance roots were collected across nine meaning groups (section 1). Korean has no natural two-syllable word for most of them: for 70 of the 105 the only Korean candidate is "none", a loanword or a shape breach. The overlaps that exist are mostly one-syllable (힘/vim, 신/syn-, 둘/dual, 두/duo).
• 30 pairs were examined and screened (section 2). The five named in the brief (투마, 아마, 판도, 마노, 발로) belong to other lanes and were not re-run.
• Only one new pair survives the whole screen: 울타리 / Ultari (ultra, "beyond, more"; Korean "fence, enclosure"). It is three syllables, so it breaches the two-syllable shape. It has no live identical mark in Korea, the US or the EU in our classes, and no exact app in either store in Latin.
• Already on the board, now with a root story: 팔랑 / Pallang (Italian and Latin palla, pila, "ball") and 살랑 / Sallang (Latin salire, "to leap"). Their clearance is in review 15 and is not repeated.
• Every other new pair is cut. The trademark lookups blocked Maju, Doro, Bando, Bubu, Modum and Hoho; Bichi and the rest fail on meaning or App Store (section 3). The strongest sound-and-meaning matches (마주/Maju: "face to face" and Malay "forward"; 도로/Doro: "road" and "back again" from the Greek dromos) are exactly the ones with live marks in our classes.

Taste calls (the three-syllable shape, a root story that few will hear) are the owner's.

0. Method, tags and limits

Tag	Meaning
W	English Wiktionary: the cited page exists and has the expected language heading (parse API, fetched 2026-10-13). A language heading means a real word in that language, not a bad one.
SD	표준국어대사전 search page, fetched 2026-10-13. A headword and its sense are quoted. "Not a headword" means no entry with that exact headword.
WL	Wiktionary page for the Latin spelling, action=query&prop=extracts, read for English, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian, French, German, Japanese, Chinese, Malay, Indonesian, Hindi, Turkish and Arabic entries.
iT	iTunes Search API, entity=software&limit=50, US and KR on the Latin spelling and KR on the Hangul, 3 s apart. "Exact" means the title, or the part before : - | (, equals the word. Cut on an exact app with 20 or more ratings.
K	My own knowledge, not fetched. Used for Korean 2025 usage; 우리말샘, 나무위키 and Naver pages cannot be fetched with curl.

Not checked: native speakers; Hindi, Arabic and Chinese-pinyin meanings beyond what Wiktionary returned (Wiktionary's Latin-script pages rarely carry them, so "no entry" is "not found", not "proven clean"); Google Play and the JP store; domains and handles; phonetic (칭호) similarity in KIPRIS, which searches the spelling only; the Latin word "Ultari" in Hindi, Turkish and Arabic.

Trademark limits. KIPRIS was read 90 rows deep at most (3 pages of 30) and rows were counted only when the title began with the word. Common words (도로 61,514 rows, 비치 96,490, 반도 54,692) may hide a live mark further down. USPTO returns marks containing the word, not sound-alikes. TMview returns the first 100 of up to 3,218 rows. A 변리사 must run the phonetic search before any filing.

1. The roots

105 roots in nine groups, each with a Wiktionary page (W: the page exists and has the heading for the root's language) and the Korean sound-matches tried. "Loan only" means the only Korean word is a borrowed spelling of the foreign word. "None" means no Korean word of one to three syllables sounds like the root.

#	Root	Language	Meaning	Group	Wiktionary	Korean sound-match tried
1	co-	Latin	together, with (prefix)	together or with	cum	코 (nose) / 고 (no word match)
2	con-/cum	Latin	with, together	together or with	cum	곰, 콘 (no natural word)
3	syn-	Greek	together, with	together or with	σύν	신 (興, excitement; 신나다)
4	una / unus	Latin	one, united	together or with	unus	우나 (none); 우리 (cut)
5	simul	Latin	at the same time, together	together or with	simul	시물 (none)
6	sym-/syl-	Greek	with, together	together or with	σύν	심 / 신 (none)
7	inter	Latin	between, among	together or with	inter	사이 (sai, between)
8	ensemble	French	together, a group	together or with	ensemble	앙상블 (loan only)
9	junto	Spanish	together, joined	together or with	junto	준토 (none)
10	insieme	Italian	together	together or with	insieme	인시 (none)
11	socius	Latin	companion, ally	group, crowd, troop	socius	소시 (sausage; cut)
12	sodalis	Latin	companion, member of a fellowship	group, crowd, troop	sodalis	소다 (soda, drink; cut)
13	turma	Latin/Portuguese	troop, squadron; class, group	group, crowd, troop	turma	투마 (other lane)
14	turba	Latin	crowd, throng	group, crowd, troop	turba	투박 (none; tubak = clumsy)
15	grex	Latin	flock, herd, troupe	group, crowd, troop	grex	그렉 (eu breach, none)
16	cohors	Latin	cohort, yard, troop; source of English court	group, crowd, troop	cohors	코트 (court; eu breach)
17	banda	Spanish/Portuguese/Italian	band, gang, side	group, crowd, troop	banda	반도 (peninsula) / 반다 (none)
18	chorus / choros	Greek	dance, band of dancers and singers	group, crowd, troop	χορός	고루 (evenly) / 코러스 (loan)
19	agora	Greek	gathering place, assembly	group, crowd, troop	ἀγορά	아고라 (3 syl, Daum Agora)
20	coetus	Latin	meeting, assembly	group, crowd, troop	coetus	코이 (none)
21	caterva	Latin	troop, crowd	group, crowd, troop	caterva	카테 (none)
22	thiasos	Greek	company of revellers	group, crowd, troop	θίασος	티아 (none)
23	comes	Latin	companion (one who goes with)	group, crowd, troop	comes	고메 (none)
24	ordo	Latin	rank, order, band	group, crowd, troop	ordo	오도 (none)
25	manus (band)	Latin	hand; also a band of men	group, crowd, troop	manus	마니 (many, 많이) / 마노 (other lane)
26	pan-	Greek	all, every	all or everyone	πᾶν	판 (other lane)
27	omni-	Latin	all, every	all or everyone	omnis	옴니 (none)
28	totus / tota	Latin	whole, all	all or everyone	totus	토타 (none)
29	tutti	Italian	all, everyone (plural of tutto)	all or everyone	tutti	투티 (none)
30	holo-	Greek	whole, entire	all or everyone	ὅλος	홀로 (alone: opposite sense)
31	cunctus	Latin	all together	all or everyone	cunctus	쿤 (none)
32	toda / todo	Spanish/Portuguese	all, every	all or everyone	todo	토다 (none)
33	unus mundus (uni-)	Latin	one; unity	all or everyone	unus	유니 (y breach)
34	duo	Latin	two	two or the pair	duo	두 (du, native numeral)
35	bi- / bis	Latin	two, twice	two or the pair	bis	비 (rain; ratio)
36	dyo / di-	Greek	two	two or the pair	δύο	디 (none)
37	ambo	Latin	both	two or the pair	ambo	암보 (none)
38	par	Latin	equal, a pair	two or the pair	par	파 (scallion; cut)
39	duplus	Latin	double	two or the pair	duplus	더블 (eo breach)
40	dualis	Latin	of two	two or the pair	dualis	둘 (dul, native numeral two)
41	dua	Malay/Indonesian	two	two or the pair	dua	두아 (none)
42	ludus	Latin	game, play, school	game or play	ludus	룰루 (lulu, light-hearted humming)
43	lusus	Latin	play, sport	game or play	lusus	루수 (none)
44	pila	Latin	ball	game or play	pila	필라 (Pilates/Philadelphia; loan)
45	palla	Italian	ball	game or play	palla	팔랑 (review 15 survivor)
46	pelota	Spanish	ball; the ball game	game or play	pelota	펠로 (none)
47	bola	Portuguese	ball	game or play	bola	볼라 (none)
48	ballo	Italian	dance, ball	game or play	ballo	발로 (other lane); 발레 (ballet)
49	jocus	Latin	jest, game	game or play	jocus	조코 (none)
50	gioco / juego / jogo	Italian/Spanish/Portuguese	game, play	game or play	gioco	조고 (none)
51	agon	Greek	contest, gathering for games	game or play	ἀγών	아곤 (none)
52	paidia	Greek	play, childish sport	game or play	παιδιά	파이 (pie; cut)
53	athlon	Greek	prize, contest	game or play	ἆθλον	아톨 (none)
54	kine- / kinesis	Greek	movement	movement or running	κίνησις	키네 (none)
55	dromos	Greek	running, racecourse	movement or running	δρόμος	도로 (road; again)
56	cursus / curs-	Latin	run, course	movement or running	cursus	쿠르 (none)
57	mov- / moveo	Latin	move	movement or running	moveo	모브 (eu breach, none)
58	motus / moto	Latin/Italian	movement; motion	movement or running	motus	모토 (motto loan)
59	salto / salt-	Latin	jump, leap	movement or running	salto	살토 (none)
60	volo (fly)	Latin	to fly	movement or running	volo	볼로 (none)
61	vola(re)	Latin	to fly	movement or running	volare	볼라 (none)
62	celer	Latin	swift	movement or running	celer	셀레 (none)
63	cito	Latin	swiftly	movement or running	cito	시토 (none)
64	gradus	Latin	step	movement or running	gradus	그라두 (none)
65	iter	Latin	journey, path	movement or running	iter	이터 (none)
66	ire	Latin	to go	movement or running	ire	이레 (seven days)
67	venio / veni	Latin	to come	movement or running	venio	베니 (none)
68	vici (vinco)	Latin	I conquered	movement or running	vici	비치 (shine; beach)
69	tachys	Greek	swift	movement or running	ταχύς	타키 (none)
70	phero	Greek	to carry, bear	movement or running	φέρω	페로 (none)
71	val- / valeo	Latin	be strong, be well	strength or health	valeo	발랄 (lively) / 발레 (ballet)
72	vis / vim	Latin	force, strength	strength or health	vis	힘 (him, strength)
73	sanus / sana	Latin	healthy, sound	strength or health	sanus	사나 (fierce) / 사노 (none)
74	salus	Latin	health, safety, welfare	strength or health	salus	살리 (save, revive; stem)
75	salve	Latin	be well, hello	strength or health	salve	살비 (none)
76	fortis	Latin	strong, brave	strength or health	fortis	포르 (none)
77	robur	Latin	oak, strength	strength or health	robur	로부 (none)
78	vigor	Latin	liveliness, force	strength or health	vigor	비고 (note, remarks)
79	vita / vivo	Latin/Italian	life; alive, lively	strength or health	vita	비보 (sad news); 비타 (none)
80	rhome	Greek	strength, might	strength or health	ῥώμη	로메 (none)
81	kratos	Greek	power	strength or health	κράτος	크라 (none)
82	hygieia	Greek	health	strength or health	ὑγίεια	히기 (none)
83	bene / bona	Latin	well; good	strength or health	bene	베네 (none)
84	amo / ama-	Latin	I love	love, joy or friendship	amo	아마 (other lane)
85	amicus / amic-	Latin	friend	love, joy or friendship	amicus	아미 (BTS fandom ARMY)
86	philos / phil-	Greek	loving, dear, friend	love, joy or friendship	φίλος	필 (feel; 필 받다)
87	gaudium / gaud-	Latin	joy	love, joy or friendship	gaudium	가우 (none)
88	laetus	Latin	glad, joyful	love, joy or friendship	laetus	라온 (old word for joyful; sound only partly)
89	hilaris	Latin	cheerful	love, joy or friendship	hilaris	히히 / 호호 (laughter)
90	chara	Greek	joy	love, joy or friendship	χαρά	차라 (none)
91	caro / cara	Italian/Latin	dear	love, joy or friendship	caro	카로 (none)
92	sodes	Latin	if you please (friendly)	love, joy or friendship	sodes	소데 (none)
93	agape	Greek	love, goodwill	love, joy or friendship	ἀγάπη	아가 (baby)
94	festa	Latin/Italian	feast, festival	love, joy or friendship	festa	페스타 (loan)
95	eu-	Greek	well, good	love, joy or friendship	εὖ	유 (y breach)
96	re-	Latin	again, back	again or more	re-	레 (none)
97	iterum	Latin	again, a second time	again or more	iterum	이터 (none)
98	denuo	Latin	anew, once more	again or more	denuo	데누 (none)
99	plus	Latin	more	again or more	plus	플러스 (eu, eo breach)
100	magis / maior	Latin	more, greater	again or more	magis	마주 (face to face)
101	multi-	Latin	many, much	again or more	multus	물티 (none)
102	ultra	Latin	beyond, more	again or more	ultra	울타리 (fence; 3 syl)
103	mas / mais	Spanish/Portuguese	more	again or more	mas	마스 (Mars, mask) / 마이 (my)
104	ancora	Italian	still, again, encore	again or more	ancora	앙코 (none)
105	poly-	Greek	many	again or more	πολύς	폴리 (loan, Polly)

The groups, in the brief's order: together (10), group (15), all (8), two (8), game (12), movement (17), strength (13), love and joy (12), again and more (10), counted by the Group column. Greek roots cite the Ancient Greek page; Romance words (junto, insieme, turma, banda, palla, toda, tutti, ballo, ancora) are listed because they grew from Latin and are the forms a modern reader meets.

2. The pairs

Thirty Korean words were taken forward: every root with a real Korean sound-match, plus the example pairs in the brief that no other lane owns (사나/sana, 신/syn-, 두/duo). Skipped as owned by other lanes: 투마/Turma, 아마/Ama, 판도/Pando, 마노/Mano, 발로/Ballo.

Shape rules from the common brief: Hangul two syllables; Latin 3 to 6 letters, CV-CV or CV-CVC; vowels a, i, u, o, e only; no tense consonants; final -ng allowed but scores lower; no Maru-family rhyme (Maru, Naru, Duru, Haru). "Pass" means all of these hold. Breaches are flagged, and the taste call is the owner's.

2a. What each pair means and how it reads

Korean meanings are from the 표준국어대사전 (SD) unless tagged K. "Reads as" is how an English speaker says the Latin spelling.

Hangul	Latin	Root it sounds like	Korean meaning (SD)	Story for a tennis-club app	Reads as	Shape
울타리	Ultari	Latin ultra, "beyond, more"	fence: "풀이나 나무 따위를 얽거나 엮어서 담 대신에 경계를 지어 막는 물건"	The circle we play inside, and "a little beyond": two more. The wire fence of a court is also a 울타리 (K), a quiet tie to the sport	"ul-TAH-ree"	Breach: three syllables, vowel start, six letters (UL-TA-RI). Vowels and consonants pass
팔랑	Pallang	Italian and Latin palla, pila, "ball"	adverb: "바람에 가볍고 힘차게 나부끼는 모양" (fluttering)	A ball in light flight; the root says "ball" without saying "tennis"	"PAL-lang"	Pass; final -ng scores lower
살랑	Sallang	Latin salire, salto, "to leap"	gentle breeze, light swaying (review 15; root of 살랑거리다)	A light spring in the step	"SAL-lang"	Pass; final -ng scores lower
마주	Maju	Latin maius, magis, "more, greater"	adverb: "서로 똑바로 향하여" (face to face); homonyms 馬主 (horse owner), 魔酒	The rally across the net; "more". Malay and Indonesian maju also means "forward, advanced" (WL)	"MAH-joo"	Pass on letters; one letter from Maru (avoid list)
도로	Doro	Greek dromos, "running, racecourse"	adverb: "향하던 쪽에서 되돌아서" (back again); also 徒勞 "wasted effort"; 道路 "road" is the everyday sense (K)	Course plus again: the court and "one more"	"DOH-roh"	Pass
고루	Goru	Greek choros, Italian and Spanish coro, "chorus"	adverb: "차이가 없이 엇비슷하거나 같게" (evenly); also 固陋 "stuffy, behind the times"	Everyone gets an equal share; a chorus of players	"GOH-roo"	Maru-family rhyme (-ru); cut in review 14
발랄	Ballal	Latin valeo "be well"; Italian ballo "dance"	root of 발랄하다, "lively"	Spirited; the dance-like footwork	"BAL-lal"	Pass. Reviewed in review 16 (not re-run)
힘	Him	Latin vis, vim, "force"	strength: "근육 작용"	Vim: energy	"him"	Breach: one syllable, three letters
신	Sin	Greek syn-, "together"	흥미나 열성이 생겨 좋아진 기분 (enthusiasm; 신나다); homonyms shoes, god, minister, surname	Excitement shared	"sin"	Breach: one syllable
마니	Mani	Latin manus, Italian mani, "hand, hands"	摩尼 (a Buddhist jewel); Mani, founder of Manichaeism; spoken [마니] = 많이 "a lot" (K)	Hands; "many"	"MAH-nee"	Pass
룰루	Lulu	Latin ludus, "game, play"	not an SD headword; 룰루랄라 is a happy hum (K)	Light-hearted play	"LOO-loo"	Pass; shares only "lu-" with ludus
반도	Bando	Spanish, Portuguese, Italian banda, "band, gang, side"	半島 peninsula; also 叛徒 "rebels", 半途	A band, a side	"BAN-doh"	Pass
모둠	Modum	Latin modum (of modus, "measure, manner")	"효율적인 학습을 위하여 학생들을 작은 규모로 묶은 모임" (a small group)	A small group	"MOH-dum"	Pass; the match to modus is by sound only
아자	Aja	Latin agere, Greek agon (weak: initial a- only)	SD has only Chinese homophones; a cheer, "let's go" (K)	A cheer	"AH-jah"	Pass
호호	Hoho	Latin hilaris, "cheerful" (weak)	SD: 戶戶, 呼號, 浩浩; a laugh or a warm breath (K)	Laughter	"HOH-hoh"	Pass
사나	Sana	Latin sanus, sana, "healthy"	SD headword is Sanaa, the capital of Yemen; also the stem of 사납다 "fierce" (K)	Health	"SAH-nah"	Pass
발레	Bale	Latin valeo; Italian ballo	ballet	Dance, footwork	"bale"	Breach in reading: an English word
이레	Ire	Latin ire, "to go"	"일곱 날" (seven days)	Going	"ire"	Pass on letters; an English word
비보	Bibo	Italian vivo, "alive, lively"	悲報 "sad news"; also 飛報, 祕報; SD also lists vivo as a music term	Lively	"BEE-boh"	Pass
아미	Ami	Latin amicus, French ami, "friend"	蛾眉 (a fine eyebrow); 阿媚 "flattery"	Friend	"AH-mee"	Pass
보다	Boda	Spanish boda, "wedding"	verb "to see"; adverb "more"; particle "than"	A gathering	"BOH-dah"	Pass
두	Du	Latin duo, "two"	determiner "two"	The pair	"doo"	Breach: one syllable
둘	Dul	Latin dualis, duo	numeral "two"	The pair	"dool"	Breach: one syllable
부부	Bubu	Latin bi-, bis (weak: sound "bu-")	夫婦 "husband and wife"	A pair; doubles	"BOO-boo"	Pass
사모	Samo	Latin amo, "I love" (weak)	思慕 "longing", but also 私募 "private placement", 邪謀	Fondness	"SAH-moh"	Pass
비치	Bichi	Latin vici, "I conquered" (veni, vidi, vici)	備置 "to keep ready"; 鼻痔 (a nose polyp)	The underdog's win	"BEE-chee"	Pass
살리	Sali	Latin salus, "health, safety"	not a headword: the stem of 살리다 "to save, revive"	Revive	"SAH-lee"	Pass
소도	Sodo	Latin sodalis, "companion" (weak)	小刀 (small knife), 小島, 小盜, 小道	Fellowship	"SOH-doh"	Pass
코트	Koteu	Latin cohors, "yard, troop"; the source of English court	court (the sports ground) and coat	The same word as "cohort"	"KOH-tuh"	Breach: eu vowel
홀로	Hollo	Greek holo-, "whole, all"	adverb "자기 혼자서만" (alone)	The opposite of the root	"HOH-loh"	Pass
사이	Sai	Latin inter, "between" (meaning only)	"한곳에서 다른 곳까지의 거리나 공간" (space, gap)	Between players	"sigh"	Breach: one syllable; not a sound match

The Latin spelling follows the Revised Romanization of the Hangul.

3. Screen

3a. Meaning and App Store

Cut when the Korean word has a bad, slang or famous-brand sense in 2025 usage, when the Latin spelling has a bad sense in a major language, or when an exact app has 20 or more ratings. Korean slang rests on SD and K (not fetchable elsewhere); foreign senses rest on WL.

Pair	App Store (iT): Latin US / Latin KR / Hangul KR	Meaning cut	Result
Ultari 울타리	US none (0 of 42 results). KR none (1 result). Hangul: 울타리 (Lifestyle, 1 rating, Ho Seong Shin); 울타리 - 학원 안심 셔틀 (Business, 0)	WL: no entry in any language. K: a warm word for child-care and welfare groups	Pass, with two small Hangul apps as a condition
Pallang 팔랑	Pallang - 팔랑 (Book, 0 and 1 ratings) in US and KR	none	Pass (review 15)
Maju 마주	maju (Health & Fitness, 0, MAJU DIET CONCEPT) and Maju: Skin Progress Tracker (0) in US and KR. Hangul: 마주 - 부부 가계부 (Finance, 7); 마주: 광명시 사회연대경제혁신센터 (Travel, 0)	none; Malay and Indonesian "forward" is positive	Pass on meaning and stores; blocked on trademark (section 4)
Doro 도로	US: Doro: Anxiety & Stress Relief (14), Doro: AI Dating Coach (8), doro: auto-pin places (9), Doro: Discover & Earn (0), DORO (Education, 0). KR: the same, 0 to 1	WL: Japanese romaji of どろ "mud". K: the idiom 도로아미타불 "back to square one, all effort wasted"	Pass on stores; blocked on trademark
Goru 고루	none	K and SD: 固陋 "stuffy"; Maru-family rhyme	Cut (review 14)
Ballal 발랄	none	none	Risky on trademark (review 16)
Him 힘	Him - AI Boyfriend Chat (Entertainment, 1,541 ratings)	English pronoun	Cut
Sin 신	SiN - Alternative Dating (Lifestyle, 8)	English "sin", read as syn-	Cut
Mani 마니	Mani - Wallet App (Finance, 2)	WL Indonesian and Malay: mani = semen; Turkish mani = obstacle	Cut
Lulu 룰루	Lulu: Bathroom & Toilet Finder (Lifestyle, 32 ratings); Lulu (Business, 0 and 8); LuLu: Character AI Chat (6)	famous brands (Lululemon, Lulu hypermarkets, K)	Cut
Bando 반도	Bando (Productivity, 0)	K: 반도 is "the Korean Peninsula" and a prefix of well-known groups	Pass on stores; blocked on trademark
Modum 모둠	none	K: 모둠 is the menu word for an assorted platter (모둠회, 모둠전), a food reading (unverified)	Pass on stores; blocked on trademark
Aja 아자	Aja - Nutrition Tracker (Health & Fitness, 26 ratings)	WL: Indonesian aja "just, only"	Cut
Hoho 호호	Ho-ho (Shopping, 0); Ho Ho - Advent Calendar Widget (0)	Santa's laugh	Pass on stores; blocked on trademark
Sana 사나	Sana (Productivity, 11), Sana (Lifestyle, 7), SANA (Music, 5)	Sana is a member of TWICE; 사납다 "fierce"	Cut
Bale 발레	Bale - Pallavolo FVG (Sports, 3); Bale - Movie Journal (1)	WL English: bale = "evil", a hay bale; Gareth Bale; ballet is descriptive	Cut
Ire 이레	IRE|BS CORE (Social Networking, 0) in KR	WL English: ire = anger	Cut
Bibo 비보	Bibo (Lifestyle, 0), Bibo: POS & Analytics (0), BIBO (Food & Drink, 0)	SD: 悲報 "sad news"	Cut
Ami 아미	Ami - The Spatial Network (Social Networking, 72 ratings); AMI (Finance, 10)	BTS fandom ARMY is read 아미 (K)	Cut
Boda 보다	Boda - Utah Wedding Planner (0). Hangul: 보다 - BODA (Business, 74 ratings) and 보다 - Gcloud (48)	a grammar word ("to see", "than")	Cut
Du 두	du (Utilities, 15,011 ratings), the UAE telecom	none	Cut
Dul 둘	none	WL Turkish dul = widow, widower; English "dull"	Cut
Bubu 부부	Bubu - Personal Food Scanner (Health & Fitness, 2)	WL Indonesian and Malay: bubu = fish trap; "married couple" is the Korean sense, narrower than a club	Pass on stores; blocked on trademark
Samo 사모	SAMO (Sports, 1); Samo: Travel Audio Guides (1)	K: 사모펀드 "private equity", 사모님 (an honorific for a boss's wife)	Cut
Bichi 비치	none in US, KR or Hangul	K (unverified): 비치 is how "beach" and "bitch" are written in Hangul; WL Spanish bichi = cat, Papiamentu "worm"	Cut
Sali 살리	SALI (Education, 0)	not an SD headword, only a verb stem	Weak; not carried forward
Sodo 소도	Sodo (Business, 0)	WL French: sodo = slang for sodomy	Cut
Koteu 코트	none	the sport itself; eu vowel	Cut on shape and meaning (the etymology note stays)
Hollo 홀로	Hangul: 홀로 (Lifestyle, 1)	opposite of the root ("alone")	Cut
Sai 사이	SAI (Business, 0); SAI - 주변 인연 찾기 (Lifestyle, 1); Sai (Photo, 0)	Japanese sai = a rhinoceros, a weapon; Hindi "saint" (K)	Not a sound match; not carried forward

Cuts that carry a lesson. Every Korean word that is both a plain everyday noun and a near-match to a Latin root is also a crowded Latin string: Doro (a Swedish phone maker), Lulu, Ami (BTS), Sana (TWICE), Him. The roots Korean sounds like most closely are short, and short strings are already taken.

3b. Etymology notes that are true but not usable

• 코트 (court) and cohors. English "court" comes from Old French cort, from Latin cohors (cohortem), "enclosed yard, troop". The sports ground and the military unit are one word. The Korean 코트 is the loan, spelled 코트 (koteu), with an eu vowel, and it names the sport.
• 홀로 (alone) and holo-. The sound is the root "whole, all"; the Korean sense is the opposite.
• 마주 and maju. Malay and Indonesian maju ("forward, advanced") meets Korean 마주 ("face to face") in one spelling. The best story in the set, and it is blocked (section 4).

4. Light trademark screen

The five words owned by other lanes were skipped. Of the rest, eight were chosen for the screen: those that passed the meaning and store screens or had the best story at the time the screen was queued. Two of them (Bichi, Hoho) were queued before the meaning cut was final. Each service was called at least 8 s after the last call to that service. None refused.

Service	Result	Query (re-runnable)
KIPRIS (Hangul)	24 queries (3 pages of 30 for each of 8 words), HTTP 200	GET https://www.kipris.or.kr/khome/search/searchResult.do?tab=trademark (cookie jar), then POST https://www.kipris.or.kr/kdtj/grrt1000a.do?method=searchTM with queryText=<hangul>&expression=<hangul>&sortField=RANK&sortState=Desc&currentPage=<n>&numPerPage=30, browser User-Agent and the search page as Referer
USPTO (Latin)	8 queries, HTTP 200	POST https://tmsearch.uspto.gov/prod-stage-v1-0-0/tmsearch, {"query":{"bool":{"must":[{"match":{"wordmark":{"query":"<latin>"}}}],"filter":[{"term":{"alive":true}}]}},"size":100}
TMview (Latin)	8 queries, HTTP 200	POST https://www.tmdn.org/tmview/api/search/results, browser User-Agent, Origin: https://www.tmdn.org, Referer: https://www.tmdn.org/tmview/, body {"page":"1","pageSize":"100","criteria":"C","basicSearch":"<latin>","fNiceClass":["9","35","41","42"],"fTMStatus":["Registered","Filed"]}

KR columns: the total rows holding the word, then the rows I read (90), then what stood out. A row counts when its title begins with the word, and it is live when its status is not lapsed, refused, withdrawn or invalid. TMview returns up to 100 rows per query, spanning many offices; I list the exact-name rows in KR, US, EM (EUIPO) and GB.

Word	Verdict	KR (KIPRIS)	US (USPTO)	EU and others (TMview)
Maju 마주	Blocked	7,151 rows. Live identical 마주: class 42 (정혜린, filed 2026, KR4020260058162), class 9 (주식회사 스토어바, filed 2025, KR4020250103884), class 43, class 45 (publication), class 38 registered (강민준), 마주 (MAJU) class 36 registered. Compounds in class 9: 마주톡 (AAC software, pending), 마주앤드 (MAJU&, 9 and 38, pending)	4 exact: MAJU class 35 (pending) and MAJU classes 9, 18, 21, 29, 30, 44 (MAJU DIET CONCEPT, nutrition apps, pending)	403 rows, 16 exact. DE: Maju Digital GmbH & Co. KG registered classes 9, 35; FR and WO: MAJU DIET CONCEPT registered (5, 21, 41, 44 and 9). KR row: 주식회사 마주심리상담소, classes 41, 44
Doro 도로	Blocked	61,514 rows. The 3 exact 도로 titles are all lapsed. Near compounds: 도로시 (9, 35, 42, pending), 도로롱 (SHIFT UP, 9 and others, pending), 도로도로 스튜디오 (42, registered)	2 exact live: DORO (Doro AB, Sweden) classes 9, 37, 42, 10 and 14	3,218 rows, 51 exact. Doro AB (a Swedish maker of senior-friendly phones, K) holds DORO in classes 9, 10, 37, 38 and 42 at EUIPO, the UK, Switzerland, Norway, Canada, Australia and in the US. KR rows: DORO class 9 (주식회사 시프트업, filed) and class 9 (김영길, registered)
Bando 반도	Blocked	54,692 rows; all 90 read were 반도 titles. 12 live identical: 반도 class 35 (반도스틸, KR4020180174361), class 40, class 32 (pending), class 3 and class 35 cosmetics (이영기), class 42 (주식회사호텔롯데), class 9 eyewear (김종수), class 7, class 14	BANDO class 9 (Bando Chemical Industries), registered	755 rows, 32 exact. BANDO class 9 (Bando Chemical) at EUIPO, GB, FR and WO; BANDO classes 42 and 20 (Palmberg) at EUIPO
Ultari 울타리	Clear on the knock-out, with conditions	24,804 rows. The 3 live exact 울타리 are Bayer CropScience, classes 1 and 5 (unrelated). Compounds: 울타리 없는 학교 and 울타리없는학교 윤선생영어교실 (현대영어사, classes 9, 16, 41, registered): a fence-less-school mark, not the dominant 울타리	none (0 rows)	14 near rows (Multari, Consultaría, Cultaris FR, Hultari KR), 0 exact
Bubu 부부	Blocked in the US	1,239 rows. 12 exact titles, all lapsed. Compounds live: 부부부 (BOUTBOUTBOUT, 부부부 주식회사, registered in classes 9, 35 and about 20 others), 부부 부부 (한국인삼공사, classes 5, 29, 30, 32)	BUBU class 42 (EZ-AI CO., Taiwan, SaaS, registered after extension)	597 rows, 36 exact. EM: BUBU classes 29, 30, 35, 43; FR: BUBU class 42 (EZ-AI)
Modum 모둠	Blocked	3,517 rows. 모둠 class 38 registered (주식회사 프린지존, KR4120160030854); 모둠바 class 21	MODUM registered classes 9, 35, 37, 39, 42, 45 (modum.io AG, Switzerland)	116 rows, 26 exact. modum.io AG: CH, GB, WO; Modum Holding BV (BX) classes 9, 35, 36, 37, 38, 42
Bichi 비치	Clear on the knock-out; cut on meaning	96,490 rows. 비치 (BEACH) class 43 only (음덕성, two marks). Compounds: 비치크루즈 (41, golf practice and water sports), 비치브라운 (9, contact lenses)	0 exact (BICHI KIDS, BICHI MAO, SUSHI BICHI)	203 rows, 2 exact: DE Famivital GmbH (5, 35, 44), MX (35, filed)
Hoho 호호	Blocked	1,871 rows, 12 live identical: 농업협동조합중앙회 (NH) 호호 in classes 9, 16, 35, 36, 38 (KR4020220045834 to 38); 호호 class 45 (pending); food classes 29 to 43; class 10	1 exact, outside our classes	2,056 rows, 11 exact, none in KR, US or EM in our classes

Pallang 팔랑 was cleared in review 15: registered 팔랑 only in class 18 (bags), no US or EU mark. Not repeated.

Caution on Ultari. KIPO compares marks by sound (칭호). 울타리 (ul-ta-ri) and 울트라 (ul-teu-ra, "ultra") share three syllables and most phonemes. 울트라 is a common prefix in Korean marks and was not searched. Run the phonetic search before a filing.

5. Ranked pairs

Ranking blends evidence (shape, stores, trademark) with the strength of the root story. The taste call among the top three is the owner's.

Rank	Pair	Root	Story strength	Shape	Stores	Trademark	Verdict
1	울타리 Ultari	ultra	Fair: "beyond, more" plus the circle we play in	Breach (3 syllables)	Pass, 2 small Hangul apps	Clear (KR, US, EU)	Usable with conditions
2	팔랑 Pallang	palla, pila	Fair: ball, flight	Pass	Pass (1 book app)	Clear (review 15)	Already on the board
3	살랑 Sallang	salire	Fair: leap, light step	Pass	Pass (review 15)	Clear (review 15)	Already on the board
4	마주 Maju	maius, maju	Best: face to face, "more", Malay "forward"	Pass; one letter from Maru	Pass	Blocked (KR 9 and 42, DE 9 and 35)	Cut
5	도로 Doro	dromos	Good: course and again	Pass	Pass	Blocked (Doro AB, 9 and 42, US and EU)	Cut
6	발랄 Ballal	valeo, ballo	Good: lively	Pass	Pass	Risky (review 16)	Review 16
7	비치 Bichi	vici	Fair: "I conquered"	Pass	Pass	Clear	Cut on meaning
8	부부 Bubu	bi- (weak)	Weak	Pass	Pass	Blocked (US 42, EM 35)	Cut
9	반도 Bando	banda	Fair: a band	Pass	Pass	Blocked (KR 35, US 9, EM 9 and 42)	Cut
10	모둠 Modum	modus (sound only)	Weak	Pass	Pass	Blocked (US, EU, KR 38)	Cut
11	호호 Hoho	hilaris (weak)	Weak	Pass	Pass	Blocked (KR 9 and 35, NH)	Cut
12	고루 Goru	choros, coro	Good: chorus	Maru-rhyme	Pass	n/a	Cut (review 14)
13 to 30	Mani, Lulu, Aja, Sana, Bale, Ire, Bibo, Ami, Boda, Du, Dul, Him, Sin, Samo, Sodo, Hollo, Koteu, Sali, Sai	various	various	various	various	not run	Cut or not carried forward (section 3a)

Pairs worth a look

1. 울타리 / Ultari (ultra, "beyond, more"; the fence we play inside). Verdict: usable with conditions. No live identical mark in KR, US or EU in classes 9, 35, 41, 42; no Latin app. The owner decides the three-syllable shape. Run the 울트라 phonetic search first.
2. 팔랑 / Pallang (palla, pila, "ball"). Verdict: already on the board and cleared in review 15. New: the root is the ball, which gives the word a quiet link to the game with no sport meaning in Korean.
3. 살랑 / Sallang (salire, "to leap"). Verdict: blocked (review 15: an identical live Korean mark in our classes). Correction by the lead: this lane first called it "already on the board"; it is not.
4. 마주 / Maju (maius "more"; Malay "forward"; Korean "face to face"). Verdict: blocked. Pending identical 마주 marks in KR classes 9 and 42, Maju Digital in Germany (9, 35), Maju Diet Concept (a nutrition app in class 9).
5. 도로 / Doro (dromos "course"; Korean "back again"). Verdict: blocked. Doro AB (Swedish phones) owns DORO in classes 9 and 42 in the US and EU.
6. 발랄 / Ballal (valeo, ballo). Verdict: risky (review 16): a registered 발랄 in class 35 and the domain is taken.
7. 비치 / Bichi (vici, "I conquered"). Verdict: cut on meaning. The trademark lookup is clean, but Korean readers hear "beach" and, in slang, "bitch" (K, unverified).
8. 고루 / Goru (choros, "chorus"; Korean "evenly"). Verdict: cut. Maru-family rhyme and 고루하다 "stuffy".
9. 부부 / Bubu (bi-, "two", sound only). Verdict: cut. BUBU is live in US class 42 and EU class 35; the Korean sense is "married couple".
10. 코트 / court and cohors (the same word). Verdict: etymology only. The loan is spelled with an eu vowel and names the sport; keep as a fact for the brand story, not as a name.

Question for the owner (one). Is a three-syllable name (Ultari) acceptable if it clears the phonetic search for 울트라? Every two-syllable pair in this lane is either blocked by a live mark or cut on meaning.

Re-run notes

• Wiktionary roots: curl -s -A "<agent>" "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/api.php?action=parse&prop=sections&format=json&page=<title>" (105 pages; all exist and carry the expected language heading). Latin-spelling entries: action=query&prop=extracts&explaintext=1&titles=<lowercase word>.
• 표준국어대사전: curl -s -A "Mozilla/5.0" "https://stdict.korean.go.kr/search/searchResult.do?pageSize=10&searchKeyword=<hangul, URL-encoded>", 3 s apart.
• iTunes: curl -s "https://itunes.apple.com/search?entity=software&limit=50&country=<us|kr>&term=<term>", 3 s apart (30 words, 3 searches each).
• Trademark queries are in section 4.
• Raw responses are in the lead's scratchpad (r19), not in the repo.